Edgar Allan Poe The Master of Horror Writing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 826 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? Edgar Allan Poe, a Master of Suspense was an american writer, poet and critic famous for his poems and tales of horror and mystery. Called by many the father of a detective was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. At the age of two his mother had passed away from a disease called Tuberculosis and his father had already abandoned the family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Edgar Allan Poe: The Master of Horror Writing" essay for you Create order He was soon taken in as foster child by the Allan family that in which were successful tobacco merchants. By the age of thirteen he started to write poetry and worked constantly improving his writing. In 1826, he attended the University of Virginia and went into debt and started gambling to pay off school loans but ended up in greater debts which lead to him withdrawing out of the university. In the year of 1830, he joined the United States Military Academy at west point, after realizing that wasnt for him he turned to writing full time. Years later he ended up secretly marrying his thirteen year old cousin, Virginia, which was the made public in 1836. Poe was overcome by grief following the death of his wife, he continued to work suffering from poor health and struggling financially. Working in several newspapers and literary magazines his primary occupation was being a literary critic in which many thought he was harsh. During his lifetime writing he published short stories in his 1840 collection which were unusual and creepy that many thought he had to be strange himself. Poes career went back and forth leading to his major success hitting The Raven, the poem was known for its uncanniness on October 7, 1849 he was declared dead but his final days remain somewhat of a mystery due to him leaving to Virginia heading to New York and disappearing. A week later he died in a delirium and was found dead in Baltimore with no evidence tracking his death. Edgar Allan Poes legacy will be forever carried on throughout his mysterious writings. Edgar Allan Poe was his own enemy and if he was alive today that would be a problem for him. I feel that he would be a part of a big scandal like be an alcoholic or be involved in a drug charge of some kind, he was a greater writer so I dont think he would steal other peoples ideas in some way causing problems. The scandal he would be involved in would definitely he drug related due to his wife dying at a young age of tuberculosis, and him struggling economically this is a recipe is disaster he would definitely try to find an escape from problems. He would most likely be known for his drug addictions, and he would be in very poor health condition from all the abusive substance in his system, he would probably come out in the news because if his emotional state, due to his past I can speculate that he would be involved in prior drug charges, felonies, tickets, even be in jail there are endless possibilities. Lets just say he wasnt an addict he would, most likely be a part a big drama of some kind like him bashing other writers why? Well we know of his self destructive attitude he would constantly be unhappy with himself he would be depressed, mad, and angry all the time. So due to his unhappiness that would make criticize other writers and him getting himself involved in a big drama that would have the literature community going nuts. Because of this he would be involved in social media in some way. If Edgar Allan Poe used social media today, he would be using facebook and twitter. If he used twitter he would be writing about poetry and write about mysterious short stories. There are a lot of people that love to follow weird people and he would be one of those people. His novels were very mysterious and terrifying it like he doing a show, in a book. If he used facebook he would pretty much do the same exact thing but at the same time we would criticizing other peoples work. William Shakespeare would be one of the people would that he would so fraud. He would steal other writers work and Edgar Allan Poe would make fun of him because he doesnt even think or do his own work. Also on facebook and twitter we support young his father did not support on what he loved the most.His father wanted him to follow his steps, which were to run the tobacco business. He would encourage them to follow their dreams and be writers. Another thing he would follow or support on social media is the tuberculosis page, because his mother and his wife died from this disease. He would be a creepy person to follow on social media but he would entertain his followers. Edgar Allan still to this day we would be one of the most famous writers, an american writer.

Charles Dickens Biography - 1626 Words

He is living proof of childhood corruption and portrays himself as his young, mischievous, and perplexed characters Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. He proves that he is a product of the Victorian era as he brings attention to the childhood cruelty, the less fortunate in an English society, and the unwealthy dysfunctional families of the early Victorian time period. Charles Dickens reflects these and other issues as he brings to life the realism of writing. While others were writing about the way things should be, rather than the way things were, Dickens was challenging these ideas, and argued that paupers and criminals were not evil at birth. This was an act of rebellion, for he in fact was showing the Victorian middle class generation†¦show more content†¦In the Victorian era, poverty became due to many reasons; a population increase, the search of employment, and a depressing state of the shortage of housing. All of these points had a direct impact to why there was the less fortunate in an English society. The nineteenth century saw a huge growth in the population of Great Britain, and this brought the poverty line lower and lower in cities such as London. Dickens, being affected by this, had a great impact on helping the less fortunate in the Victorian time period by bringing to life the realism of the problems that the paupers, criminals, and just plain poor people had. He did this through showing how the wealthy treated the poor with no respect and with cruelty through his characters such as Mr. Bumble and Mrs. Sowerberry in Oliver Twist. Although, Dickens brings attention to how not all upper or middle class people were always cruel to the poor, through his characters in Oliver Twist such as Mr. Sowerberry, who was quite kind to Oliver and was uneasy about being cross with him. Along with poverty being such an issue, there were also the unwealthy dysfunctional families of the Victorian time period. Charles Dickens grew up in a home where money was never a concern, until his father went bankrupt and he was abandoned by his family which ultimately led to Dickens being a poor orphaned boy. Dickenss dysfunctional family must have led to such families asShow MoreRelatedBiography on Charles Dickens627 Words   |  2 Pageselder Dickens was transfered several times, first to London, then to Chatham, and finally, in 1822, back to London, where the family lived in Camden Town. John Dickens was constantly in debt, and in 1824 he was imprisoned in Marshalsea debtors prison (Southwark). Charles was forced to leave school at the age of 12 and go to work in a bootblack factory to help support the Dickens family.It was his personal experience of factory work and the living conditions of the poor that created in Dickens theRead MoreCharles Dickens: A Brief Biography Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pages Charles Dickens Ruth Glancy, a world-renowned Dickens scholar, believed that Charles Dickens blended the Romanticism era, the Industrial age, and the Victorian era into unforgettable novels that still had the whimsical, imaginative part of life. Ruth conceded, â€Å" Dickens increasingly saw the need for finding and nurturing the imaginative core of life that can prevail even in the middle of the modern industrial city (Glancy 17).† Charles used his own experiences and imagination to evoke storiesRead MoreCharles Dickens Biography Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens, the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens, was born in Landport on 7th February 1812. John Dickens worked as a clerk at the Navy pay office in Portsmouth. He later found work in Chatham and Charles, the second of seven children, went to the local school. John Dickens found it difficult to provide for his growing family on his meager income. In 1822 the family moved to Camden Town in London. John Dickens debts had become so severe that all the household goods were sold. Still unableRead MoreIn His Biography of Charles Dickens, Edgar Johnson Writes ‘’a Christmas Carol’ Is a Parable of Social Redemption and Scrooge’s Conversion Is the Conversion for Which Dickens Hopes Among Mankind’ Discuss.1134 Words   |  5 Pagesnovella written by Charles Dickens which illustrates a somewhat happy Christmas story that highlights the importance of being a kind hearted person. Throughout his novella, Dickens’s shows the reader his intended moral of the story, that Scrooge’s transformation at the end of the novella is what Dickens’s hopes that our world will too surely change. This is evident throughout the novella as he depicts Scrooge (before the conversion), the main character; to stand for al l that Dickens is against. He alsoRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens: Carrying a Burden of Social Responsibility705 Words   |  3 PagesCharles Dickens: Carrying a Burden of Social Responsibility Charles Dickens’ classic novella A Christmas Carol, focuses on the social responsibility of the wealthy to help the poor and less fortunate. Dickens, having lived in poverty as a child, knew of the many struggles of the lower class of London. As an author, he made it his goal to reform England as best he could. Many of his works ran in his weekly journal, Household Words, including Christmas Stories and Great Expectations. In a ChristmasRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreEveryone Appreciates A Good, Rags, And Oliver Twist1728 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone appreciates a good ‘rags to riches’ story. Charles Dickens did as well, in fact it could be said that his own story was one of rags to riches. Dickens knew poverty, he also knew people, and how poverty can effect and change them. Over the course of his life he wrote some of the most famous and beloved stories, from â€Å"A Christmas Carol,† â€Å"Great Expectation†, and â€Å"Oliver Twist†, to â€Å"Nicholas Nickleby† and â€Å"Davis Copperfield.† Today Dickens is considered to be by many, one of the most well-knownRead More The Childhood of Charles Dickens Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Childhood of Charles Dickens      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I do not write resentfully or angrily: for I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am - Charles Dickens    Charles Dickenss tumultuous childhood did indeed shape the person he became, as well as have a definite impact on his literary career.   There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters, including David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and of course, Great Expectations PipRead MoreCharles Dickens A Great Writer1105 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2015 Remembering Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is a famous author who wrote numerous books which were enjoyed by many throughout the years. His books are known xquisite characters and real-life settings. Charles experienced difficult times as a young boy (â€Å"Charles Dickens† par. 7). These difficult times followed him throughout his life. He uses ideas from these struggles to express his feelings through the books he writes. The many struggles of Charles Dickens’ early childhood greatly

Remembering My Grandpa Essay Example For Students

Remembering My Grandpa Essay A little over five years ago he was big, strong, and seemed as nothing could hurt him. Then the end began; first the car wreck, then the surgeries, and then an additional accident. My grandpa was one of the strongest men I knew. He was also one of the biggest influences in my life, the man that made me who I am today. He taught me almost everything I know. We had been working on and restoring tractors together since I was just big enough to bring him tools. I had gone to work and rode on equipment with him from about the time I was a year old. I was with him almost every day till I started school and pretty live with him and my grandma in the summers. My grandpa had a really bad truck accident almost five years ago driving back from Persal in his company truck loaded down with tools and fuel, when the left front tire blew out and sent him across the rode into the ditch. He hit the ditch ding almost doing close to seventy miles per hour sending the truck on its side. The truck slid down the ditch until it hit a massive mesquite tree finally stopped it. Soon after the entire truck was engulfed in flames, making it out just as the truck went up in flames he made it out. Luckily an off duty EMT and his wife happened to stop when they saw the flames and him on the side of the rode. Taking the shirt of his back to put pressure on the deep gashes that ran across my grandpa’s head, his wife call nine-one-one and requested life flight, where they flew him to University Hospital in San Antonio. While at the hospital he spent the next six weeks in ICU, and another 4 months in the hospital and rehab. About six months after than he was back in the hospital with a staph infection in his lower intestine. Cause him great pain and once again hospitalizing him the doctors could not fight the infecting off. As the last and on resort his lower intestine had to be removed, where he had to go back to rehab. He just built he strength back up and was getting healthy another time my dad, a couple of my really good friends, and I were loading scrap iron on a trailer with a backhoe to haul off for my grandpa. We were putting the last piece on the trailer, it was a tool bar from an old piece of farm equipment weighting about a thousand pounds. While loading the tool bar it slipped out of the bucket and was hung on the arm of the backhoe, so my grandpa and I were going to push it on. We just couldn’t hold it, before my dad and friends could get to us it had fallen and landed on the back of my grandpa’s neck. With pure adrenaline my dad picked the tool bar off of him. Thirty minutes had past when the ambulance, fire department and police got there. He could not feel his feet when they put him on the stretcher preparing him for life flight for the second time they pushed him to the rode, on blocked off by the police and fire department they waited for the chopper. Ten minutes later they had arrived loading him on they took off. Again he spent several weeks in ICU with a broken neck and four, five months in the hospital and another two months in rehab. But through everything he never gave up, he was always strong and positive, he was an inspiration to many people, he was an inspiration to me more than anything else. He was a great man, a hard worker, and if you needed it, he would give you the shirt off his back. He is the best man I know, and on September seventeenth this year he joined up with the Lord to end his suffering and pain. He will always be remembered by the ones he love, and by some he didn’t, and you knew which one you were. But all his pain is gone now and we will always have his memories, we will never forget.

Research Paradigms Essay Example

Research Paradigms Essay The design of a research study begins with the selection of a topic and a paradigm. A paradigm is essentially a worldview, a whole framework of beliefs, values and methods within which research takes place. It provides a conceptual framework for seeing and making sense of the social world; to be located in a particular paradigm is to view the world in a particular way. A paradigm stands for the entire constellation of beliefs, values and techniques, shared by the members of a community. The significance of paradigms is that they shape how we perceive the world and are reinforced by those around us, the community of practitioners. Within the research process the beliefs a researcher holds will reflect in the way they research is designed, how data is both collected and analysed and how research results are presented. For the researcher it is important to recognise their paradigm, it allows them to identify their role in the research process, determine the course of any research project and distinguish other perspectives. Therefore, paradigms are never right or wrong but merely different ways of looking at society. In that respect, they are to be judged as useful or useless in specific situations only. Macro theory and micro theory Macro theory deals with large, aggregate entities of society or whole societies. e. g. struggle between economic classes, international relations Micro theory deals with issues at the level of individuals and small groups. e. g. dating behavior, jury deliberations, student faculty interactions 2 Early positivism The early positivist paradigm of exploring social reality is based on th e philosophical ideas of the French philosopher August Comte, who emphasized observation and reason as means of understanding human behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paradigms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paradigms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paradigms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to him, true knowledge is based on experience of senses and can be obtained by observation and experiment. Positivistic thinkers adopt his scientific method as a means of knowledge generation. Hence, it has to be understood within the framework of the principles and assumptions of science. These assumptions are determinism, empiricism, parsimony, and generality. †¢ ‘Determinism’ means that events are caused by other circumstances; and hence, understanding such casual links are necessary for prediction and control. ‘Empiricism’ means collection of verifiable empirical evidences in support of theories or hypotheses. †¢ ‘Parsimony’ refers to the explanation of the phenomena in the most economic way possible. †¢ ‘Generality’ is the process of generalizing the observation of the particular phenomenon to the world at large. With these assumptions of science, the ultimate goal of science is to integrate and systema tise findings into a meaningful pattern or theory which is regarded as tentative and not the ultimate truth. Positivistic paradigm thus systematizes the knowledge generation process with the help of quantification, which is essential to enhance precision in the description of parameters and the discernment of the relationship among them. This paradigm regards human behaviour as passive, controlled and determined by external environment. Hence human beings are dehumanized without their intention, individualism and freedom taken into account in viewing and interpreting social reality. According to the critics of this paradigm, objectivity needs to be replaced by subjectivity in the process of scientific inquiry. Ethnomethodology Ethnomethodology, founded in the 1960s by the American sociologist Harold Garfinkel, studies the way in which people make sense of their social world, and accomplish their daily lives. Ethnomethodologists start with the assumption that social order is an illusion. While social life appears ordered, it is, in fact chaotic. Social order is constructed in the minds of ac tors as a series of impressions which they seek to organize into a coherent pattern. While ethnography seeks to answer questions about what is happening, ethnomethodology seeks answers on how realities in everyday life are accomplished. So, by carefully observing and analyzing the processes used in actors’ actions, researchers will uncover the processes by which these actors constantly interpret social reality. 4 Structural functionalism Structural functionalism, also known as a social systems paradigm is a sociological paradigm which addresses what social functions various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system. Social structures are stressed and placed at the center of analysis, and social functions are deduced from these structures. It was developed by Talcott Parsons. The central concern of structural-functionalism was a continuation of the Durkheimian task of explaining the apparent stability and internal cohesion of societies which are necessary to ensure their continued existence over time. Societies are seen as coherent, bounded and fundamentally relational constructs, who function like organisms, with their various parts (social institutions) working together to maintain and reproduce them. The various parts of society are assumed to work in an unconscious, quasi-automatic fashion towards the maintenance of the overall social equilibrium. All social and cultural phenomena are therefore seen as being functional in the sense of working together to achieve this state and are effectively deemed to have a life of their own. They are then primarily analysed in terms of this function they play. Individuals are significant not in and of themselves but in terms of their status, their position in patterns of social relations, and their roles the behavior(s) associated with their status. The social structure is then the network of statuses connected by associated roles. 5 Quantitative and Qualitative Quantitative research is research that aims to measure using numbers. Typical forms of quantitative research are surveys, in which many respondents are asked questions and their answers averaged and other statistics calculated and research based on administrative data where for example the number of people who have been patients in a hospital each month is counted. The aim is to create numerical description through a process of ‘coding’ verbal or textual data Qualitative research most often describes scenes, gathers data through interviews, or analyzes the meaning of documents. Here one creates an account or description without numerical scores In practice, the distinction between quantitative and qualitative is not absolute. Even in qualitative studies, it is common to count how many informants fall into one or other category HYPOTHESIS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1 Qualities of a good hypothesis A hypothesis is a preliminary or tentative explanation or postulate by the researcher of what the researcher considers the outcome of an investigation will be. It is an informed/educated guess. It indicates the expectations of the researcher regarding certain variables. It is the most specific way in which an answer to a problem can be stated. E. g. If you hit a child with a cane, she will cry. Both a hypothesis and a problem contribute to the body of knowledge which supports or refutes an existing theory. A hypothesis differs from a problem. A problem is formulated in the form of a research question; it serves as the basis or origin from which a hypothesis is derived. A hypothesis is a suggested solution to a problem. A problem (question) cannot be directly tested, whereas a hypothesis can be tested and verified. (i) Hypothesis should be clear and precise. If the hypothesis is not clear and precise, the inferences drawn on its basis cannot be taken as reliable. (ii) Hypothesis should be capable of being tested. In a swamp of untestable hypotheses, many a time the research programmes have bogged down. Some prior study may be done by researcher in order to make hypothesis a testable one. A hypothesis â€Å"is testable if other deductions can be made from it which, in turn, can be confirmed or disproved by observation. † (iii) Hypothesis should state relationship between variables, if it happens to be a relational hypothesis. iv) Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific. A researcher must remember that narrower hypotheses are generally more testable and he should develop such hypotheses. (v) Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms so that the same is easily understandable by all concerned. But one must remember that simplicity of hypothesis has nothing to do with its significance. (vi) Hypothesis should be consistent with most known facts i. e. , it must be consistent with a substantial body of established facts. In other words, it should be one which judges accept as being the most likely. (vii) Hypothesis should be amenable to testing within a reasonable time. One should not use even an excellent hypothesis, if the same cannot be tested in reasonable time for one cannot spend a life-time collecting data to test it. (viii) Hypothesis must explain the facts that gave rise to the need for explanation. This means that by using the hypothesis plus other known and accepted generalizations, one should be able to deduce the original problem condition. Thus hypothesis must actually explain what it claims to explain; it should have empirical reference. 2 Qualities of a good research question. In order to be systematic, clearly defined and specific, a research question must be researchable. To be researchable, a research question should have the following characteristics: i. Interesting The research question needs to be interesting to the researcher because without the ongoing motivation and enthusiasm of the researcher through out the duration of the project, the research project risks ultimate failure. If one is passionate or curious about the issue or problem under scrutiny, maintaining momentum in the research process becomes easier and the product more satisfying. ii. Relevant The question should also be interesting and relevant to the research community of which the research forms a part. Research is generally of interest to a research community when it makes a contribution to the collective knowledge base of a study area or discipline. The orientation is to find a question, an unresolved controversy, a gap in knowledge or an unrequited need within the chosen subject. It is therefore desirable to maintain a balance between the specific research interests of the researcher and the interests of the research community as a whole iii. Feasible The research question should be stated in such a way that the project is feasible and has specific bounderies that make the project delimited and doable. Consideration needs to be given to the costs of the project, the time frame in which it is to be completed, the time and skills of the researcher(s) undertaking the project, and whether the access to research participants and information needed to complete the project are likely to be available. iv. Ethical It is desirable to reflect on the ethical dimensions of the research problemwhen institutional ethical procedures are required for project approval. Considering these issues from the outset, and embedding these considerations in the research question, will help to ensure that the research projectfulfils its ethical obligations, both professionally and institutionally. v. Concise The research question should be well articulated, its terms clearly defined, with as much precision as possible in written language. For example, research projects usually have a broad overarching theoretical frameworkthat informs the area of interest under scrutiny. The theoretical background however needs to be more specifically formulated and can be articulated in terms of specific concepts that are derived from previous theorizations and defined in terms of specific words or phrases in the research question. Research questions specify object(s) of research i. e social entities relationships and processes that are under scrutiny by the researcher. vi. Answerable The research question should be answerable. In order to make a research question answerable, it is desirable in the initial formulation of the research question to use an interrogative form eg who what when how which and why.

African Union an Overview free essay sample

The OAU was then transformed to AU in Sirte, Libya in 2001 with African leaders aiming to harmonize the economic and political policies of all African nations in order to improve pan-African welfare, and provide Africans with a solid voice in international affairs. The question today is: Has the AU  achieved  these objectives? To my view, there are lots of positives that can be  pointed from the bloc, but I have pessimism that Africa will one day become a truly independent and united continent as were the dreams of the OAU founding fathers. I am not surprised that some people are questioning the achievability  of  OAU founding fathers ideas. I do not want to liken  pan-Africanists such  as Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, just to list a few, to the great philosopher,  Karl Marx, whose ideas are a mere critique of the status quo but offering little practical solutions to societal problems. We will write a custom essay sample on African Union: an Overview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the OAU achieved its endeavor to liberate other African states, it was deemed too weak in its bid to make the continent realize pan-African dreams. The problem is  lack of financial capacity due to the dependency theory [Africans depending on former colonizers on exploration of the continents resources] that has made the continent unable to transform itself into a truly independent block. The  main problem though has been  inability by African states to refuse to dance to the tune of the former colonizer’s ‘divide and rule tactics.   As a result, divisions have rocked the continent to the extent that it is now difficult for African leaders to sing from the same hymn book in pursuit of pan-African objectives. When the AU was then established, its supporters believed that it would have a stronger charter than the OAU, would be better funded, and would have the teeth that the OAU lacked, including the power to create a common African Parliament, a Central Bank, a common African currency and an International Court of Justice (Steinberg 2001). It was hoped that the AU would have the authority and ability to achieve economic and political integration among member states, as well as work towards a common defense, foreign and communications policy: national boundaries would be blurred, armies merged, and a single passport introduced (Ibid). I dwell on the problems of the AU, let me start with their achievements first. The bloc has achieved a lot in uniting the continent. While the OAU’s major strength was its ability to decolonize the continent, the AU has a mandate to preserve that independence and advocate for peace. The continent has many areas where civil wars are raging, but the AU is doing a lot in trying to restore peace in those troubled spots. For example, the organization has peacekeepers in Somalia and Darfur to monitor situations in those areas. First and foremost, the move from a Secretariat to a Commission is one of the major innovations of the AU Constitutive Act, embodying the will to make a qualitative jump forward towards more integration. The AUC has been conceived as a collegial institution independent from Member States, which has the competence to represent the Union. It also plays the role of coordination and harmonization of activities and of implementation of inter-African cooperation, which was previously carried out by intergovernmental institutions (the OAU Assembly and the Council of Ministers). In certain policy areas, the Commission proved that it was in a position to offer real added value to Member States. The AU has also played a pivotal role in conflict resolution. Although giving more power to regional blocs such as the SADC and ECOWAS on issues of conflict resolution, the organization should be applauded for taking the lead and constantly monitoring situations where these regional blocs are resolving conflicts. In the Zimbabwe crisis after the 2008 presidential run-off elections, the AU played a crucial role in a bid to restore sanity in the Southern African country. According to Cawthra (2010) SADC did not give itself any mediation role, but it was only when the matter of Zimbabwe was referred to the AU at its Sharm el-Sheik (Egypt) Summit in June 2008, that the AU directed that SADC be put in charge of mediating a solution to the crisis. SADC’s mandate thus came directly from the AU and in turn, at its 2008 Dar-es-Salaam conference, SADC appointed then South African president Thabo Mbeki as chief mediator. During elections in member countries, the AU sends observers to monitor, something which is a  giant step towards ensuring democracy. AU’s efforts towards economic cooperation should also be commended. It is the organization’s vision towards the cooperation of the third world that brought about the Preferential Trade Area for East and Southern Africa. The organization was established in 1981 with the objective of increasing economic and commercial cooperation between member states, harmonizing tariffs, and reducing trade barriers, with the eventual aim of creating a common market. It was however replaced by the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in December 1994. This same vision led to the establishment of African financial institutions such as the African Development Bank, the PTA Bank as well as the African Export-Import Bank. These banks are responsible for spearheading development in the continent by funding developmental projects as well as bailing out African financial institutions. In Zimbabwe for example, the African Export-Import Bank reportedly bailed out the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) by providing US$80 million for the central bank to resume its lender of last resort role and improve liquidity on the market  (The Standard, Saturday 28 January 2012). To date, the bank offers the African Trade Expansion and Diversification Scheme as well as the African Development Scheme. The list provided hereafter is not exhaustive, but gives an idea of some major achievements to which the African Union Commission (AUC) contributed: * Development of a vision for the AU up to 2015 [See Strategic Plan of the African Union Commission, Vol. Partly due to the presence of a popular impulse towards unification, the architects of the AU have sought a blueprint inspired by the strongest, ambitious, and most effective model of regional identification that exists to date, namely the European Union (EU). As a result, the AU adopted and developed a modern system of collective security architecture with complex structures, fancy ideas, embedded in up to date human security principles, values, and norms. In this regard, Africa has no more poverty of ideas. But it lacks real capacity (Ibid). While emulating the EU is to be commended, AU leaders are divided, and have fallen into the same pit as the OAU by adopting the culture of non-interference in the internal affairs of member states. Not that I am advocating for the infringement of a countrys right to sovereignty, but I  am saying the AU should at least make its resolutions binding  in order to solve political problems on the continent. For example, while the bloc condemned the coup in Madagascar in 2009, the AU seems powerless to force now President  Andry Rajoelina out or at least make him agree to a  transitional arrangement with ousted leader, Mac Ravalomanana. I am pained that  despite  propositions to solving the crisis, former president Ravalomanana is still in exile and is not allowed back in his country. There is no doubt that this political instability will definitely affect the economic performance of Madagascar by chasing away investors, a development that is a slap on the face of the AU, whose mandate is to lead in both political and economic emancipation of the continent. If it ever  takes action, the  AU drags its feet in reaching a compromise and come up with a lasting solution to a crisis. Currently, the bloc is being reduced to a toothless bulldog as Sudan is continuously terrorizing the newly independent South. Darfur has of late declared war against the South. In Libya for example, the AU was not able to resolve the crisis until western nations invaded the oil-rich nation, in a war that led to the brutal killing of Libyan leader, Colonel Muammar Gaddaffi and thousands of civilians. Given all these weaknesses, the Current Analyst (2010) argues that the AU project remains largely based on governments whose immediate priority is to preserve their national sovereignty, not to pool it. In addition to this, most African leaders have been criticized for lacking the will to support structures and organizations they have established in pursuit of African objectives. Taking the case of the Pan African News Agency (PANA) as an example, it is a pity to note that continent’s news agency is reeling under financial woes that the project is no longer as viable as it was intended to be. AU leaders’ inability to unite the whole continent due to political disparities was evident when Morocco withdrew from the OAU in November 1984 to protest the illegal admission of the self-proclaimed SADR which claims the independence of its southern provinces retrieved by Morocco in 1975 under a tripartite agreement with Spain, the former colonial power. In July 2001 Morocco stated that it will not adhere to the AU, for it has repeated the same error as the OAU, when it allowed the SADR to sign on despite its lack of any international recognition. Morocco is a leading country in the continent, and some claim the AU cannot do without it. If African leaders were united, they should have managed to recall Morocco back into the organization. Absolute unity of the continent is also being threatened by economic disparities among member states. Most countries are poverty-stricken and have no capacity to support the implementation of the AU vision. This means that from the start, poverty and lack of technology make it impossible for the continent to implement its resolutions. As a result, ideas of unity and development remain mere outbursts of wishful thinking. This is the major weakness of Africa, which has been  capitalized by the former colonizers to further divide the continent. Western nations want to continue  exploiting the continent’s resources and as such, they use funding as a tool to make African leaders dance to their tune. Zimbabwe’s President Robert Mugabe has always been so critical of the donor community, saying it is the one responsible for disunity among African heads of state sitting in the AU. There is no doubt that due to imperialist forces and the dependency syndrome, the AU is divided and cannot work for the common good of the continent as was the dream of the founding fathers. For instance, while other countries such as Nigeria and Cote d’Ivoire were quick to recognize Libya’s National Transitional Council (NTC) after the fall of Gadaffi, other African leaders like Zimbabwe’s President Mugabe, were against this move. President Mugabe was on record condemning this move, together with the invitation of French President Nicolas Sarkozy as a guest to the AU Summit (ZBC, 30 January 2012). As a result President Mugabe said Africa is in danger of re-colonization. CHAPTER FOUR PROSPECTS OF AFRICAN UNION With all these problems bedeviling the continent, I believe that it will be difficult for Africa to fight imperialism as a single unit. This is due to the fact that most of the African leaders are seemingly divorcing themselves more and more from the continent’s values and views, thus making Pan-Africanism become indeed a dying institution. I therefore advocate for an African re-awakening, whereby pan-Africanism is incorporated into our education systems by being made a subject just like Geography and Science. This is the only way to go as African values are becoming remote in most youths of the continent, who are continuously spoon-fed with Western culture to the extent that they are forgetting their history Way Forward To keep these hopes of a peaceful and stable Africa, the AU through its PSC should work on some practical issues, some of which are: strengthening the unity among the African states so as to form a strong bargaining force to push for UN Security Council reform, AU walking its talk in implementing what it plans as support to the AU-PSC, and greater capacity building of the actors involved in the maintenance of peace. There is a pertinent need for good and visionary leadership that can push an African agenda in world politics; questioning and interrogating international influence relative to the AU, as well as a need for building and consolidating democratic practices, the peaceful transfer of power and respect for human rights, as well as giving attention to traditional conflict resolution mechanisms instead of solely adopting and implementing European models of conflict resolution, and being ready to commit the financial resources necessary to undertake the task of maintaining peace in Africa.

Global Business Environment Case Study Essays

Global Business Environment Case Study Essays Global Business Environment Case Study Paper Global Business Environment Case Study Paper Hamilton and Webster (2009) state that globalization generates opportunities for business to enter new markets, take advantage of differences in the costs and quality of labor and other resources, gain economies of scale and get access to raw materials. Business globalization, or in other words international business, refers to the increased of mobility of services, goods, capital and technology throughout the world. The goods and services created in one location can now be found throughout the world. According to Harrison (2010) globalization is characterized by several aspects: he development of international trades and the creation of the global marketplace lead to the increase over time of international trade and service. Then, production and investment flows are globally organized. Thus, costs are lower and specialist advantages are in different geographical location. Thanks to the technological development, people around the world are more connected and migration is a major feature of the globalization. This later offers them the possibility of moving across national borders. With this migration and the speed with which communication has improved, communication and cultural flows are important. Although globalization can be a real opportunities for companies, it could be also a threat for their development if managers in charge of this expansion have not gathered and analyses all the information they need about the marketplace they are considering. Indeed, they have to be sure they target areas where there is a market opportunity. They also need to be aware of several factors like laws, culture, society habits and other ones that might conflict the business. : Over the past 40 years, the Careful Group has grown to become the second worlds largest and the Rupees largest retailer of groceries and consumer odds. During these years, Careful expanded internationally. A pioneer in countries such as Brazil (1975) and China (1 995), Careful operates more than 9,500 stores, which are present in 32 countries across 3 geographic zones: Latin America, Europe and Asia, through 4 main formats: hypermarket, supermarket, cash and carry and convenience stores. (www. Careful. Com). However, Carousers situation is not as good as we can think. Since few years, Careful has been hit by falling profit and drooping sales caused by the uncertain economic environment and strategic missteps. Net profits fell by 4% last year and net sales rose only by 1% to 81. Ban euros. In the first nine months of the year, Carousers total like-for-like sales were down 0. 2% (Latin America is the only region to report an increase in like-for-like sales of 8. 6%). (Carousers press release, 2012). In recent years, Careful has abandoned several countries including Japan, Mexico, Russia and Thailand. These decisions are in line with Carousers new strategy of focusing on geographies and countries in which it holds or aims to develop a leading position. (Carousers press release, 201 2) Mr. Plats took over in May with a rife to reverse years Of underperformed in Carousers European markets (Vidalia, D. 2012). He wants it to pull out of encore markets, cut costs at home in France and give store managers more autonomy. (Misleader, N. 2012). Thus, he has started to refocus on core markets, notably in Europe, Brazil and China. According to Black (201 2), Shore Capital analyst, Careful has been run like a dysfunctional football team, where the owners and the management havent seen eye-to-eye, and that impacts the players on the ground and thats exactly whats happened at Careful. Its important that he represents a period of sustained stability and control of the business, To sum up, Carousers strategic missteps took its toll but like the retailing market, Careful has also been hit by the uncertain economic environment. This paper is going to constitute a fictive internal management report for Careful, analyzing the effects of the external global environment on Carousers business process and strategies. TO do so, a first chapter will provide an outlook of the retailing market allowing understanding what the current situation of this market is, especially in a global context. Then the second chapter will focus on Carousers analyses, to understand to what extent Careful can use its strengths and improve its weaknesses but also take advantage of opportunities and resist threats. Finally, the last chapter will investigate the key challenges and implications of Careful by carrying out a PEST analysis. I. Globalization and Retailing market According to Marcel Correctness and Rajah Ala (2012) retailers want expend globally for several reasons. Common ones include a quest for greater economies of scale and scope, a need to diversify risks, a desire to attract rest talent and create new opportunities for existing leaders, and a need to make up for constraints imposed by regulatory agencies when a retailer becomes too big for its home market. Market overview Between 2007 and 2011, the global retailing industry experienced a moderate compound growth of 4. 3%. (Marketing, 2012). Food and grocery is the largest segment, accounting for 61% of the industry total value, with total revenues of $6,678. 9 in 2011. For comparison, the apparel, luxury goods and accessories segment accounts only for 15. 6% of the industry generated revenues of $1708. 7 billion in 201 1 . (Marketing, 2012). Economists forecast an acceleration of this performance with an increase of 26. 2% since 2011. This expected growth would drive the industry to a value of 313,815. 8 billion by the end of 2016. Surprisingly, despite the economic crisis, 2012 was the fastest growing year for retailing since 1999. And this is due to emerging markets that are performing well. For example, China has seen a 10% growth in its retailing market in 2012. The other factor that contributed to this growth is the growth of Internet retailing. This fastest growing channel grew 20% in 201 2 and now account for 4% of all retail sales globally. This trend is expected to grow and rise 6% by 2017. However, this global growth has to be moderate since there is some inflation to be taken into account. (Late, D. 2012). The other trend that is important to notice is the Middle East and Africans growths. Indeed, these markets surpassed Latin America in 2012, which was one of the markets driving the global growth. Increasing by 14%, they became the fastest growing region. (Remuneration, 2012). According to Daniel Late (2012), unlike in Europe where non-grocery sales suffered of the economic crisis, in the Middle East and Africa, non-grocery sales outperformed grocery sales. Forces driving competition According to Porter (1980), there are 5 forces driving the competition on a market: buyer power, Supplier power, new entrants, threats of substitutes, and degree of rivalry. This model provides a useful framework for analyzing the competitive environment of an industry and thus identify and analyses the main threats that can face Careful. ; Buyer power In a market, there are consumers who have wants and needs, and suppliers who supply their demands. (Heathery and Otter, 2011). Since there are a large amount of customers within the global retailing industry, the consumer power is low. However, because of the economic downturn, consumers are cost conscious and seek value for money, which puts pressure on retailers to deliver products, especially brand product at low cost. In France, the French retailer Lecher has understood this trend and has developed a strategy to make low price its competitive advantage. Thus, thanks to low prices and an aggressive communication campaign, sales in 2012 were up 5%. According to a Nielsen Panel, Lecher prices are between 4 and 5% below Carousers prices. (Nicolas, 2012). ; Supplier power In the retailing industry, there are a lot of suppliers. Thanks to this high imputation, retailers can easily use it to have lower prices. Indeed, leading incumbents find their product from various suppliers so they can choose the more interesting according to the price and quality. Furthermore, switching costs are usually low. The leading position and global presence of retailers like Wall-mart or Careful are also strength to negotiate with suppliers. The difference of inputs and the importance of quality/cost are the two main supplier power drivers. ; New entrants Since there are several leading multinational retailers in the market, it may be difficult and may need significant costs to entry. Such companies have developed strong brand awareness through advertising and marketing campaigns. To succeed their entry, new retailers will have to study consumers so that they can provide efficient products but also communicate efficiently. For that, new competitors need sufficient funding to launch their activity and survive in this high competitive context. Careful is a perfect illustration. Indeed, Careful failed against an aggressive development of it competitors in Singapore because this later did not succeed to localize and Offer products expected by the local population (Sharing Ely, 2012). Threats of substitutes There are no real substitutes to the retailing industry. ; Degree of rivalry The retailing market is heavily fragmented, with a large number of players present and is lead by several main industry groups like Wall-Mart, Careful, Metro and Tests. Moreover, with the development of Internet retailing, it is easier for new companies to enter into the market. The similarity of players due to a lack of differentiated products reduces their competitive advantage and thus, drives the degree of rivalry. That is why Lecher chose to capitalize on regional product. This decision was a key of success and participated to he 5% growth in sales occurred in 201 1 (Mortar, 2012). Careful should try to follow the same scheme, by accentuating its implication in the local economies and thus, collaborating more with the local suppliers. This strategy can also enable Careful to meet more effectively the demand of local consumers. . Careful SOOT According to Heathery and Otter (2011 the capacity of a business to take advantage of opportunities and resist threats will depend on its internal strengths and weaknesses. Thus it is essential to undertake an internal analyses to understand to what extent Careful can take advantage of opportunities and resist threats, and in the next chapter, understand by using a PEST analysis how Careful is influenced by the external environment. Strengths ; Leading retailer in Europe and second largest in the world present in mature and emerging markets Thanks to its notoriety and its size, Careful has a high bargaining power. Indeed, bigger a company is, more economies of scale and business scalability will be high. Moreover, the high growth rates offered by emerging countries enables Careful to boost revenues and profits and thus to make up for the sluggish situation in its home market. This illustrates perfectly the other advantage to expand worldwide: diversify risks. Presence in several economies enables to diversify the revenues and reduced vulnerability to a single economy. ; Multi-format and convergence of brands strategies Careful operates through 4 different formats. While the hypermarket format offers a wide selection of merchandises, the supermarket and convenience formats target the daily or monthly purchases and are more accessible. F-Rutherford, small retailers and other businesses purchase in cash and carry stores. In addition, Careful is also present on-line, selling its reduce on e-commerce websites. Thus, the different formats enable Careful to adapt its stores to the market, to the consumers needs. According to the location and the consumers habits in this location, the strategic format varies. Moreover, it also enables to suit the merchandise selection and price preferences of varying consumers. In other words, Careful can target different customer segments. In order to beneficial of its brand reputation, the group has initiated a single brand strategy. Furthermore, this strategy increases the groups market visibility and facilitates quick penetration in new markets. 30 years of experience in retailing private label products Because of the economic slowdown, consumers prefer generic and private label products instead of expensive brands. With its first unbranded product launched in 1976 and Careful brand-name products in 1 985, Careful has an important experience in this field meeting the consumers demand, especially in Europe, which is the key growing markets for private label products. Denominator, 2011 Weaknesses ; Continuous decline in profit margins and slow revenue growth in France More than 70% of the firms sales are in Europe but this is its slowest growth area. According to Correctness and Ala The stronger the retailers market position at home, the better its chances of sustaining overseas investments. (Quoted in Retail Doesnt Cross Borders, 2012). Careful lost market share and its profits fell by 40% in the first half of 201 1. ; Careful has been slow in moving into internet retailing Retailers have developed a new way for consumers to purchase. Nowadays, it is possible De order groceries online and collect them at drives stores which at pick up point. Careful opened Its first drive in 2011 and had only 30 drives at the end of the years. In imprison, Lecher had 144 drives in 2011 and expected 250 units by the end of the year in 2012. (Nicolas, 2012). Opportunities ; Emerging market Careful being present in emerging markets like Brazil, Argentina or India, takes advantage of these growing market to ameliorate its revenues and margins. According too Careful s press release, in 2012, sales in Latin America up 5,2% and 12,3% in Asia. Emergence of internet retailing in Latin America In Latin America, Internet retailing is almost three times smaller than direct sales. However, this market has almost tripled in size over the last five years ND it is expected to keep growing. Brazil, the biggest Internet retail market, accounts for 70% of all regional sales. (Late, D. 201 2) ; Retail reform in India Mufti-national retailers are now able to buy up to a 51 % stake in Indians multi- brand retailers. This decision allows these chains to sell directly to Indian consumers. (BBC, 2012). However, some conditions are imposed on groups wanting to invest in India. For example, companies will have to invest at least $mm (Meme), open outlets only in towns with a population of more than one million and source at least 30% of produce from India Ð’Â » (BBC, 2012). The retreats ; High competition The competition in Carousers home market as well as in the other regions is high. Not only Careful competes with multinational retailers but also with local retailers dominating the local market, more adapted to the consumers needs. In France, Careful has to face the significant growth of Lecher which sales grew 5% in 2011. In China, Wall-Mart plans a vast expansion of its stores. The Times reports the US retail group Ð’Â « would open 100 new stores in China over the next three years, adding to the 370 stores it already owns -? the highest number of any of the foreign supermarkets. The new stores will add 18,000 jobs to its 100,000-strong workforce in the worlds biggest food and grocery market. R, ; High exposure to low growth European markets Careful derives a majority of its revenues from France and Western European countries. Due to the debt crisis, the economies of these nations are estimated to record low growth rates. According to a Carousers press release, sales down 2,2% in 201 2, impacted by continued pressure on consumption in Southern Europe. ; Fiscal cliff The other threat that Careful and the economy sector can worry about is the fiscal Cliff. At the end of the year, the terms of the Budget Control Act of 201 1 in the USA are scheduled to go into effect. This means a 2% tax increase for most workers, and to several tax breaks for business and charges in alternative minimum tax, tax increase for higher income and spending cuts in more than 1 000 government programs. The positive aspect is that this will enable to reduce the US budget deficit by estimated $ 560 billions but on the other hand, it will cut the gross domestic product by 4% points and cause an economic slowdown. Unemployed would rise 1% point and a loss of 2 lions jobs. (C. Larger, 2012). Many analysts say that would send U. S. Economy into a recession, if not a depression. (CNN, 2012). Even if Careful is not present in the USA, the Fiscal Cliff threatens the global economy. But a disaster can be avoided by the Congress action. II. External business environment: Key challenges and implications Political and legal Nowadays, government and business are interdependent (Harrison, 2008). That means that they are linked through several relationships. For example, government determines the legal framework, manages the macroeconomic environment etc. Furthermore, government also need business. Indeed, businesses are a source of tax revenues and since the private sector is the dominant element within capitalist economies, these private business investments drive the economic growth and prosperity. However, with the globalization, governments have now to deal with multinational companies and multinational companies have to deal with different governments, so with different laws and rules. Government decisions are key factor in the international expansion of companies and can be opportunities to take advantage of. For example, the Indian government decided recently to open its retail sector to global supermarket chains. Thus, these chains are allowed to sell directly to Indian consumers by buying up to a 51 % stake in Indians multi-brand retailers. BBC, 2012). According to the 201 2 global retail Development Index (Takeaway, 2012), India is ranked 5 and thus is an interesting market to consider. Indeed, India market with accelerated retail growth of 15 to 20% expected over the next five years. Growth is supported by strong macroeconomic conditions, including a 6 to 7% rise in GAP, higher exposable incomes, and rapid arbitration. Yet, while the overall retail market contributes to 14% of Indians GAP, organized retail penetration remains low, at 5 to 6%, indicating room for growth. So, it would be an interesting market for Carousers supermarkets, all the more Careful is already established in the country through cash and carry stores. However, groups wanting to invest in India should be also aware of the conditions imposed by India. For example, Ð’Â « companies will have to invest at least $ mm (Meme), open outlets only in towns with a population of more than one million ND source at least 30% of produce from India, according to reports. Ð’Â » (BBC, 2012). Moreover, since countries are linked through international trade, some political decision can influence these trad es. As Harrison States political and economic instability is a major cause of risk in the external environment, whether it affects the international environments as a whole or the environment in a particular country. (2010, quoted IPPP). The case of Italy is a good illustration. Reacting to the news that Prime Minister Mario Mont plans to resign, Italian stockers have fallen of Local banks as well as European Banks had been hardly hit by this news: Germanys Commemorate fell 2. 2% and Frances BAN Paris dropped 1. 4%. (BBC, 2012). So this shows that political and economical environments are strongly linked. Economic and Financial The economic and financial environment comprises different factors like the rate of economic growth, exchanges rates, inflation, and so on, which influence business. The rate of economic growth for example enables to indicate the speed at which the total level of demand for goods and services is changing. (Hamilton and Webster, 2009). According to specialists, the world economy will grow at an annual rate of 3% up to 2030 and 4,3% in developing countries. (World Bank, 2012). Goldman Sacks (2003) adds that China and India are predicted to be the worlds two biggest economies in 2050. As We could understand thanks to the previous numbers, developing economies, in particular BRICK economies grow quickly and can therefore be attractive for business. But according to PWS, other countries have to be considered. PWS estimate that the E (BRICK economies, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey) will be 50% bigger than the GO (USA, Japan, Germany, Uk, Italy, France, Canada) by 2020. PWS, PWS. Com) However, before thinking to enter a new market, Careful should be aware of national barriers to trade like tariffs, imposed quotas and non-tariffs barrier. (Morrison, 2009). Tariffs protect local industry and provide government revenue. Imposed quotas limit imports to a specific quantity of value. Thus, in this case, it is better to consider sourcing locally using local suppliers. Moreover, institutions or agreements like the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade, The World Bank and The International Monetary fund can have a dramatic influence on retailers. They help manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace and thus provide the stability in the trading environment. Nowadays, economic power is hold by these supranational organizations. Moreover, through globalization, barriers between nations are reduced. Thereby, nations are more and more interdependent. Thus, globalization carriers dangers because depending on foreign suppliers, business are vulnerable to events in foreign economies and market outside their control. (Hamilton and Webster, 2009). This explains the current recession in Japan. This later depends strongly on its exports and yet, robbers in other markets like the slowdown in the US and Rezone and the anti-Japan protest in China has hurt demand for exports. Social, cultural, and Environmental Although globalization can have some beneficial aspects, it also brings a number of problems of a social nature. Indeed, globalization increases the gap between rich and poor. On one hand the income of the rich increase as a faster rate than the income of the poor. On the other hand, all economies do not participates in the international trades. (Harrison 2010). However, business is not only about making profits. The purpose of business activity is o provide goods and services to satisfy peoples want and needs. There is therefore a social purpose behind business activity. (Harrison, 2010, Pl 80). Held (1 999, quoted in Hamilton and Webster, 2009, pep) added that globalization can be seen as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all expects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual Thus globalization is not only an economic phenomenon. It involved also many other cultural and social dimensions. Nowadays, one of the key challenges facing by businesses s the rise of CARS concerns. Consumers are conscious of the social and environmental impacts that are caused by businesses. Thereby, associations to protect consumers, employees and environment multiply and businesses have to prove their commitment. Thus Careful has implemented environmental and social policies in all countries. Careful offers more environment-friendly product and sourcing, and tries to reduce the impact of its stores and its logistic impact on the environment. Careful also carries out its social and societal responsibilities through different actions. (www. Refocus. Com). Amongst them, the integration in the local economy is also interesting to face cultural challenges. Through a local integration, Careful benefits from local products needed by local consumers and provided by local suppliers. Indeed, Careful has to deal with customers but also employees from different cultures. This difference can be an obstacle if not well considered. For example, Careful did not succeeded in providing relevant product to its Japanese consumers. Thus, its main local concurrent knew better how to meet the local consumes demand and could attract ore consumers, forcing Careful to leave the market.

Analysis of the TV Shows Friends and How I Met Your Mother Essay

Analysis of the TV Shows Friends and How I Met Your Mother - Essay Example As far as friendships go this group has it very tightly knit. They live the life in New York City and never seem to want for money even though they are rarely seen working. They seem to spend most of their time just hanging out together and sipping coffee, having the heart to heart talks or just getting into one sort of hijinks after another. Just as in the real world, these group of friends somehow end up dating one another and eventually, one or two they have highly successful hookups. However, that is not to say that the show takes relationships lightly because it is, after all, a comedy show. It was the way that they handled the seriousness of these relationships in a light manner that set this show apart from the others in their time slot. That is the characteristic that made the show and its characters special. Friends was a ground breaking show during its era. It had all the common characters from everyday life that the viewers could identify with. The men were comprised of the â€Å"looking for love† kind, the career women, the players, and the spaced out friends who are always good to hang out with when you need a good laugh. Everybody knew somebody who was exactly like Monica, Chandler, Rachel, or Joey. The show helped the term â€Å"extended family† and take it a whole new level. Friends showed everyone that family need not be confined solely to the relations based upon blood and direct DNA. They are the people that we connect with on a level that we would not even normally connect on with our own family.

Aviation rescue and fire fighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation rescue and fire fighting - Essay Example Technological advances have allowed Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting to meet the challenges that have come about with its primary function of rescuing passengers and the growing use of air transportation and larger aircraft. Aviation Rescue and Firefighting is unique in its function as at a time of an air crash the members of the Aviation Rescue and Firefighting team face the intense challenge of rescuing a possible of more than 400 passengers from within the aircraft, whose length could extend to ninety meters and a width of five meters. Starting with normal firefighting equipment and volunteers immediately after the Second World War, Aviation Rescue and Firefighting has taken giant strides to keep with the technological advancements that have caused air transportation to transform dramatically and the size of aircraft also to grow to very large extents. The job function calls for highly trained and skilled personnel operating with sophisticated firefighting and rescue equipment. (Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting Index). The main objective of Aviation Rescue and Firefighting is to save the life of the entrapped passengers from the burning aircraft and the protection of aircraft and surrounding buildings and vehicle remain a secondary objective at the time of an aircraft accident or incident. The fire hazard is extremely high and all times the need for extinguishing fires has to be at the forefront of the activities of the Aviation Rescue and Firefighting. Fires may happen when aircraft land and take off, or during an accident or when rescue operation are put into place. The rupture of the fuel tanks of the aircraft could lead to spillage of highly volatile and inflammable aviation fuels and other liquids used by aircrafts. The aviation fuel and inflammable liquids could easily burst into flames by coming in contact with hot metal parts of the aircraft, sparks caused by moving parts of the aircraft or from disruption of the electrical circuits present in the

Supervisors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supervisors - Essay Example This can be promoted through instructive and motivating organizational leadership. The functions of management are discussed, and the traits of effective managers in relation to the management functions. Finally, the relations between managers, supervisors and employees are evaluated and the challenges of a multicultural workforce presented. The Role of a Supervisor in a Typical Organization Supervisors or managers are important in management of teams and processes within an organization. They help in management and coordination of the organization, usually characterized as a pyramid. The supervisors help in achieving essential objectives and goals within the organization through communicating with each other at various levels within the organizational management hierarchy (Cassidy, Kreitner, & Kreitner, 2010). Supervisors are committed to grooming organizational personnel for success. Their roles entail the functional duties coupled with a variety of responsibilities. Organizational supervisors train their workers on new information and competencies. Workers ought to be prepared well to ensure they are successful in their duties, and this can be necessitated through supervisors’ training and orientation. The process of training is continual and highlighted for new personnel as well as other workers. Collectively, the supervisors have a responsibility of ensuring that organizational personnel benefit from intermittent professional development opportunities and training (Cassidy, Kreitner, & Kreitner, 2010). Supervisors evaluate objectives, goals and future organizational needs to enable them prepare plans, which offer the required resources and action items for the organization to realize success. The supervisors help in strategic planning, implementation and execution of organizational plans. In addition, supervisors prepare schedules for appropriate staffing and availability of resources to satisfy the needs of customers and production. They are respon sible for arranging human, informational and material resource productivity. They are tasked with maximizing organizational efficiency through scheduling inventories, equipment and facilities. This ensures that quality in production of goods and offering of services is attained (Cassidy, Kreitner, & Kreitner, 2010). Managers are responsible for inspiring and motivating workers to work appropriately and accomplish common organizational goals. The teams in organizations ought to work collectively, and it is the responsibility of the supervisors to recognize the uniqueness of every employee, establish various incentives and rewards to motivate them (Cassidy, Kreitner, & Kreitner, 2010). Three Traits of an Effective Manager Effective managers need to have entrepreneurial thinking and creativity qualities. Contemporary organizations are continually changing, and there is need for the managers to possess creativity and entrepreneurial skills to work effectively in such environments. Super visors with entrepreneurial traits perform their responsibilities effectively because they adapt swiftly and resolve organizational problems creatively. Supervisors are tasked with maximizing organizational efficiency. This can be best achieved if supervisors are entrepreneurial and creative because such traits would help them to develop new ideas to improve productivity and enhance quality besides increasing profit margins and expanding on the organizational

Gauss Law And Its Applications Philosophy Essay

Gauss Law And Its Applications Philosophy Essay The relationship between the net electric flux through a closed surface (often called as Gaussian surface) and the charge enclosed by the surface is known as Gausss law. Consider a positive point charge q located at the center of a sphere of radius r. We know that the magnitude of the electric field everywhere on the surface of the sphere is E=. The field lines are directed radially outward and hence are perpendicular to the surface at every point on the surface. That is at each surface point, is parallel to the vector à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  representing a local element of area à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  surrounding the surface point. Therefore, =E à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬   and the net flux through the Gaussian surface is = = =. where we have moved E outside of the integral because, by symmetry E is constant over the surface. The value of E is given by E=. Furthermore, because the surface is spherical, . Hence, the net flux through the Gaussian surface is This equation shows that the net flux through the spherical surface is proportional to the charge inside the surface. The flux is independent of the radius r because the area of the spherical surface is proportional to, whereas the electric field is proportional to 1/ . Therefore, in the product of area and electric field, the dependence on r cancels. Now, consider several closed surfaces surrounding a charge q. Surface is spherical, but surfaces and are not. The flux that passes through has value q/. Flux is proportional to the number of lines through the nonspherical surfaces and. Therefore, the net flux through any closed surface surrounding a point charge q is given q/ and is independent of the shape of that surface. Now consider a point charge located outside a closed surface of arbitrary shape. As can be seen from this construction, any electric field line entering the surface leaves the surface at another point. The number of electric field lines entering the surface equals the number leaving the surface. Therefore, the net electric flux through a closed surface that surrounds no charge is zero. The net flux through the cube is zero because there is no charge inside the cube. Lets extend these arguments to two generalized cases: (1) that of many point charges and (2) that of a continuous distribution of charge. We use the superposition principle, which states that the electric field due to many charges is the vector sum of the electric fields produced by the individual charges. Therefore, the flux through any closed surface can be expressed as = where is the total electric field at any point on the surface produced by the vector addition of the electric fields at that point due to the individual charges. Consider the system of charges, the surface S surrounds only one charge hence the net flux through S is. The flux through S due to charges outside it is zero because each electric field line from these charges that enters S at one point leaves it at another. The surface S surrounds charges and hence the net flux through it is ( +). Finally, the net flux through surface is zero because there is no charge inside this surface. That is, all the electric field lines that enter at one point leave at another. Charge does not contribute to the net flux through any of the surfaces because it is outside all the surfaces. Gausss law is a generalization of what we have just described and states that the net flux through any closed surfaces is where represents the electric field at any point on the surface and represents the net charge inside the surface. APPLICATIONS OF GAUSSS LAW TO VARIOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTIONS Gausss law is useful for determining electric fields when the charge distribution is highly symmetric. The following examples demonstrate ways of choosing the Gaussian surface over which the surface integral given by can be simplified and the electric field is determined. In choosing the surface, always take advantage of the symmetry of the charge distribution so that E can be removed from the integral. The goal in this type of calculation is to determine a surface for which each portion of the surface satisfies one or more of the following conditions:- The value of the electric field can be argued by symmetry to be constant over the portion of the surface. The dot product in can be expressed as a simple algebraic product E dA because and are parallel. The dot product in is zero because and vector are perpendicular. The electric field is zero over the portion of the surface. Electric Field Due to a Line Charge Cylindrical Symmetry Lets find the electric field due to a line charge. Consider the field due to an infinitely long line of charge as opposed to the one of finite length. Its clear here that its impossible to talk about a finite amount of charge stretched over an infinitely long distance. Instead, state that the line has a constant linear charge density. Realistically, all line charges are finite. Consider the figure below which shows a view of the line charge and a point P a distance h away from it. We have to find the electric field at point P. To set up the integral, take infinitesimally small line segments of charge in pairs so that their horizontal components cancel and the vertical (i.e. radial) components add. Figure: Calculation of the electric field at the midpoint of a line charge of length l. qenclosed e0 rA t e0 rt 2e0 (2.0-10-6  C/m3)(0.02  m) 2(8.85-10-12  C2/(N ·m2)) 2260  N/C (2.2.3.19)

George Orwell :: Writing Biography Biographies Essays

George Orwell George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair on June 25, 1903, in Motihari, India. The Blair's were relatively prosperous civil servants, working in India on behalf of the British Empire. Blair would later describe his family?s socioeconomic status as "lower-upper middle class," on comment on the extraordinary degree to which British citizens in India depended on the Empire for their livelihood; though the Blair were able to live quite comfortably in India, they had none of the physical assets or independent investments that would have been enjoyed by their class in England proper. Despite this factor, Ida Blair moved back to England in 1904 with Eric and his older sister Marjorie so that they could be brought up in a more traditional Christian environment. In England, Blair entered the public school system, and was admitted to Eton College in 1917. For most students of this era, Eton led directly to higher education at a university, often Oxford or Cambridge. Blair shunned further formal schooling, and after leaving Eton in 1921, returned to India in 1922 to join the Indian Imperial Police. This work gave Blair his first real experiences with the poor and downtrodden whom he would later champion, and unhappy with the his position as the "hand of the oppressor," Blair resigned from the police force in 1927, returning to England that same year. Upon return to England, Blair lived in the East End district of London, which was filled with paupers and the destitute, whom he saw as the spiritual kin of the Burmese peasants he had encountered as a policeman. In 1928, Blair moved to Paris to become a writer, where he again lived among the poor, and was eventually forced to abandon his writing temporarily and become a dishwasher. He returned to England the next year (1929), and lived as a tramp before finding work as a teacher at a private school. This position gave Blair time to write, and his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London, was published in 1933, under the pseudonym George Orwell. The publication of this first work, which was an account of his years living among the poor of Paris and London, marks the beginning of a more stable period for Orwell, in which he taught, opened a bookshop, and continued to write. His first fictional work, Burmese Days, appeared in 1934. The next few years saw a steady stream of activity for Orwell, who produced A Clergyman?

Asthma

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According to the American Lung Oscillation there are four main causes which include; genetics, allergie s, respiratory Infection or bad weather such as high humidity, or cold and dry air.About 80% of people with asthma have allergies to learnable substances Like grass, mold or dust. Transitions: The violence of all possible asthma triggers can be difficult and even If an asthmatic sermon Is able to tolerate one trigger, encountering a combination of them can have an asthmatic suddenly slang for air. That's why treatment and prevention are so Important to keep asthma under control. The most used treatment for asthma are Inhaled medication. Unfortunately there Is no definite cure for It.The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology as mentioned that one of the most effective treatments for asthma Is the Inhalation of corticosteroids, which are Inflammatory medication control for asthma. This medicine Is for a long term relief and can also be taken as a pill form If asthma Is very protestant. It helps reduce the swelling that makes your airways sensitive to certain Inhaled subs tances. A second choice of treatment can be a short acting Inhaled beta agonies for a quick relief. This Inhaler helps relax tight muscles around your airway to let alarm flow more easily. Asthma By narcissistically According to the American Lung Associating there are four main causes which include; genetics, allergies, respiratory infection or bad weather such as high airborne substances like grass, mold or dust. Transitions: The avoidance of all possible asthma triggers can be difficult and even if an asthmatic sermon is able to suddenly gassing for air. That's why treatment and prevention are so important to The most used treatment for asthma are inhaled medication. Unfortunately there is no definite cure for it.The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology as mentioned that one of the most effective treatments for asthma is the inhalation of corticosteroids, which are inflammatory medication control for asthma. This medicine is for a long term relief and can also be ta ken as a pill form if asthma is very persistent. It helps reduce the swelling that makes your airways sensitive to certain inhaled substances. A second choice of treatment can be a short acting inhaled beta agonies for a quick relief. This inhaler helps relax tight muscles around your airway to let air flow more easily. Asthma I'm talking about asthma. A disease that the Department of Health and Human Services has defined as a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Speaker Credibility: I have suffered from asthma. Through the years it has slowly subsided but I remember having to carry my inhaler with me everywhere I went. I also remember nights when I couldn't sleep because I would have coughing fits and I could feel my chest tightening, making it harder for me to breathe. Preview: Tonight I want to inform you about asthma.First, I'll talk about the symptoms of asthma. Second, I'll tell you about some of the causes and lastly, I'll share some of the treatments. Transition: Lets start by talking about some of the symptoms of asthma. Body dJakfJkJdslJfslkJdfl Asthma can be easily triggered by many things. One persons triggers can be very different foreshore of someone else with asthma. According to the American Lung Oscillation there are four main causes which include; genetics, allergie s, respiratory Infection or bad weather such as high humidity, or cold and dry air.About 80% of people with asthma have allergies to learnable substances Like grass, mold or dust. Transitions: The violence of all possible asthma triggers can be difficult and even If an asthmatic sermon Is able to tolerate one trigger, encountering a combination of them can have an asthmatic suddenly slang for air. That's why treatment and prevention are so Important to keep asthma under control. The most used treatment for asthma are Inhaled medication. Unfortunately there Is no definite cure for It.The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology as mentioned that one of the most effective treatments for asthma Is the Inhalation of corticosteroids, which are Inflammatory medication control for asthma. This medicine Is for a long term relief and can also be taken as a pill form If asthma Is very protestant. It helps reduce the swelling that makes your airways sensitive to certain Inhaled subs tances. A second choice of treatment can be a short acting Inhaled beta agonies for a quick relief. This Inhaler helps relax tight muscles around your airway to let alarm flow more easily. Asthma By narcissistically According to the American Lung Associating there are four main causes which include; genetics, allergies, respiratory infection or bad weather such as high airborne substances like grass, mold or dust. Transitions: The avoidance of all possible asthma triggers can be difficult and even if an asthmatic sermon is able to suddenly gassing for air. That's why treatment and prevention are so important to The most used treatment for asthma are inhaled medication. Unfortunately there is no definite cure for it.The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology as mentioned that one of the most effective treatments for asthma is the inhalation of corticosteroids, which are inflammatory medication control for asthma. This medicine is for a long term relief and can also be ta ken as a pill form if asthma is very persistent. It helps reduce the swelling that makes your airways sensitive to certain inhaled substances. A second choice of treatment can be a short acting inhaled beta agonies for a quick relief. This inhaler helps relax tight muscles around your airway to let air flow more easily.

buy custom British North American Colonies essay

buy custom British North American Colonies essay There were thirteen original British North American colonies but we will focus on New York and New Jersey in this question. New York and New Jersey were both middle colonies and Quakers was the main religion in these two colonies. New Jersey was initially occupied by the Dutch who settled along the Hudson river bank. However in 1664, England seized New Jersey from the Dutch colon and took over its control. The same year, New Jersey was incorporated in Charles IIs grant to his brother James who was the Duke of York (Roark 115-118). New York on the other hand, was originally named, New Netherlands in honor of the Duke of York under the Dutch rule. The settlement of the Dutch colony along the banks of Hudson led to a separation of New England from other colonies, and consequently jeopardized the English dominion in North America. This sparked conflicts between Britain and Dutch leading to the seizing of New Netherlands by the English colonialists (Roark 115-118). Indentured servants were European settlers who bought their passage to the United States by accepting to work for their employers for a period between four and seven years, after which they were free to become permanent citizens of the U.S. (Bennett 15-20). African slaves on the other hand were people who were forcefully transported from Africa to various parts of Europe to work as slaves in the plantations of white settlers. Unlike the indentured servants, slaves had no contracts with their employers and were therefore bound to serve them permanently. Between 1650 and 1710, both the indentured servants and African slaves had relatively fewer rights as compared to free people (Bennett 15-20). They worked at the satisfaction of their masters and could even be traded to other employers. However, several changes have taken place since then. With the end of colonization which led to freedom of independence of various nations, both slave trade and indentured servitude came to an end. Buy custom British North American Colonies essay

The Jeffersonian Republicans vs. the Federalists essays

The Jeffersonian Republicans vs. the Federalists essays The early 1800s helped clearly distinguish the views between the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. During the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison, many issues evolved showing the strong opinions of the two groups. The Jeffersonian Republicans supported a strong constitution, while the Federalists supported broad constructionism. Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the Jeffersonian Republicans. They disagreed with the Federalists on virtually every issue. When he was inaugurated as President in March of 1801, he planned on making many changes. The Alien and Sedition acts, which were set by the federalists to control public negativity towards the party, were not renewed and those who were previously imprisoned by them were pardoned. Many changes were also made to the navy. Prior to his presidency, Jefferson wrote about his confidence in the ideas of the preservation of the Constitution in a conservative manner. He also states that the Federalists have failed to follow the Constitution accurately and the way it should have been followed. (Document A) The Jeffersonian Republican views are also shown in a document from Jefferson to a minister named Samuel Miller. In this document Jefferson strongly opposes the idea of government in correlation to religion. He states that no power, according to the const itution, was delegated to the general government to assume any authority in religious discipline. (Document B) Jefferson defended the views of the Jeffersonian Republicans throughout his term in office. James Madison also defended the Jeffersonian Republicans while he was in office. In a message to Congress in March of 1817, he shows his strict interpretation of the Constitution. Here, Madison shares his decision with Congress on an International Improvements Bill. (Document H) The bill asked approval for federal funds that would go towards construction roads and canals and improving water n...

How can electric car producers build momentum for their technology in Essay

How can electric car producers build momentum for their technology in China and stop the momentum of internal combustion engine manufacturers - Essay Example In other words, the electric vehicle (car or automobile) was abandoned much too early in lieu or in favor of the internal combustion engine because of many practical considerations. Many people today mistakenly think the electric car is a modern invention when in fact, it had existed almost two centuries ago and it is only now the electric car is having a revival of sorts due to environmental concerns, peak oil, and global warming due to carbon emissions. Most of the cars manufactured today are used in modern Western countries but China of late has also seen a strong demand for cars due to robust economic growth coupled with a big rich middle class that arose as a result of China’s rapid industrialization and transition to a free-market economy in the last few decades. The People’s Republic of China is now number one in terms of total vehicle production (including passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, buses, trucks, and coaches) surpassing the European Union, the United States of America, Japan, and even Germany. However, most of this production is internal combustion vehicles and the top producer is Toyota, followed by General Motors, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Ford, Nissan, and Honda. Electric car makers can grab the huge Chinese market if they are astute. Marketing – makers of electric vehicles can appeal to Chinese buyers by claiming how the electric car produces much less carbon emissions (pollution) compared to an internal combustion vehicle (gas engine) by highlighting the benefits of electric vehicles (EV) while addressing the concerns of potential buyers on the drawbacks of EVs which are now being tackled by improved technologies and at the same time point to the disadvantages of the continued use of gas-engine vehicles in a resource-scarce country like China. a. Pollution – even if EVs are charged using electricity produced from coal-powered plants, the resulting carbon emission is only about one-half of the pollution from internal

Key Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Key Strategies - Essay Example The simple logic supporting the need for ethical guidelines is that actions in business are the result of decisions by human beings, and human beings tend to seek justification for their actions beyond the rule of value for money. As Hill writes, "top management determines quality priorities, establishes the systems of quality, management and the procedures to be followed, provides resources and leads by example" (Hill 1991, 23). The quality guidelines are crucial to ensure that the service is provided using a consistent process which is described in the quality documents. ISO standards followed by Canbide provide a standard of quality assurance for firms only involved in final inspection and testing of products. Firms using this standard are basically performing the inspection function of the product that would normally be done by the customer when the product is received. For Canbide, Total Quality Management is a strategic approach to quality which permeates the entire organizatio n (Slack 2003). Basic behavioral science principles and practices are the foundation of excellence through quality programs. The rational for these programs is to motivate workers and increase service quality, e.g. providing clear objectives, participation in decision-making and positive feedback on performance, are established principles which have widespread use in different applications. Thus, the development of these programs demonstrates a sensible application of established theories in a relatively new field. Within CERG, quality control during the process should involve the use of control charts, which will be discussed in some detail shortly. The number and location of inspections should reflect both the probability of faults or defectives occurring and the consequences of such occurrences, as well as the cost of conducting inspection. Frequently, technical considerations determine the position and number of inspection operations, but nevertheless, within certain limitations, operations management is usually able to design the inspection procedure (Eboch, 1998). Having looked at the way in which customer relationship management and employee relationship management (ERM) has evolved, it is clear that there is a role assumed by people responsible for projects at various stages of development, connected with business units, as part of defining and producing a project plan. ERM involved in the business to the point at which the project manager and the team take over responsibility for the implementation phases leading to the hand-over of the finished project. Taking into account the nature of CERG, output and process quality control will be integral part of TQM. Inspection of items between operations should be undertaken, not only to ensure that faulty or defective items do not proceed to the subsequent operations, but also in order to predict when the process is likely to produce defective items so that necessary preventive adjustments can be made. Well-defined procedures should be established for the selection

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Marketing Research - Essay Example This research method is flexible can easily adapt to the research settings (Newman, 1998, p.56). The aim of qualitative research is to get a clear understanding on how the participant’s develop an understanding of their surroundings, and how this understanding affects the participant’s behavior. The main method of collecting data in qualitative research is the use of observations (Goertz and Mahoney 2012, 78). Observation implies the collection and recording of the behaviors of the participants in their environment. This approach is useful in the generation of in-depth explanation of events or organizations; it is also practical in obtaining information that is not accessible and conducting research where other research methods are insufficient. The benefit of employing observation is that it reduces distortion between what is observed and the observer and can be produced by instruments such as questionnaires (Gray, 2007, p.126). The main features of qualitative researc h include the fact that they focus on natural settings and have a primary interest in real life situations. This method seeks to find out the meanings participants attach to behavior, their interpretations, and their perspectives on situations. Qualitative research also looks into the process involved and seeks to understand how things happen and how they develop. Additionally qualitative research follows an inductive analysis and seeks to generate a theory on an issue from the data (Martin, 2012, p.16). The advantages associated with using this method include the production of more detailed and comprehensive information. This method also seeks an extensive understanding of the situation by the use of subjective information and employs the observations of the participants in describing the situation (Singh, 2007, p.84). However, the disadvantages of using this method include complications in establishing reliability and validity of the methods and data due to the subjectivity of inq uiry. Researcher induced bias is also another challenge to the approach as it is difficult to either detect or prevent them. Furthermore, the scope of this process is restricted by the detailed and comprehensive approaches to data collection Punch 2005, 211. Quantitative research This research technique follows an objective, formal and systematic process in obtaining quantifiable information about a situation. The presentation of data on this technique uses a numerical form and employs statistics in analysis (MacDaniel,1998, p. 45). Quantitative research aims at providing descriptions and testing relationships. This technique also examines the cause and the effect of a relationship. The aim of the quantitative research aim is to elaborate how the independent variables relate to the dependent variables in a given situation. These research designs are either descriptive or experimental where the subjects are either measured once or before and after treatment. A descriptive approach es tablishes the associations between variables whereas an experimental approach establishes causality (Martin 2012, 16). Quantitative research methods take two approaches, which are experiments and surveys. In this, context experiments comprise real experiments with the unselective assignment of participants or subjects to research conditions and quasi experiments, which use designs that are nonrandomized (Vogt 2007, 120.)